• From St. Thomas Aquinas

    Each new human creature receives existence directly from Being and is therefore radically new.

    Each human being is determined by antecedents as regards matter and form. But each is radically undetermined by matter and form as regards existence.

    At every moment, radical newness is not only possible but actual. New persons come into existence, summoned by Being himself.

    Therefore we are free not from matter and form, but within matter and form.

    Newness comes from creation by Being.

    The individual human creature has freedom to act as a creative mover within matter and form.

    The creative mover does not destroy what came before but works within what came before. Thus the creative mover is able to act in a new way and do new things within received matter and form.

    Working within all of the constraints of matter and form, genuine newness arises from the fact that each human person as a being is genuinely new. This newness is not self-generated but depends on the sustaining Creator.

    Therefore new beginnings are possible in this world.

    Cosmological reasoning is a facet of classical arguments for the existence of God. The thesis of Thomistic Existentialism is that Thomas Aquinas can answer many of the classic objections brought against cosmological reasoning. Topics include: the principle of sufficient reason; existence as a predicate; use of ontological reasoning; reliance on sense realism; the problem of evil; susceptibility to the critique of “ontotheology” as famously put forward by Heidegger. All of these objections receive a reply. 

  • Human Reefs Need Saving Too

    Do not gratify the promptings of the flesh Galatians 5:16; hate the urgings of self-will.  (Rule of St. Benedict 4. 59-60)

    What is “the flesh”?

    “The flesh” is a Christian metaphor.  The struggle represented by “the flesh” consists of our efforts to do good and to reject evil.  It’s this vital spiritual struggle that builds the moral exoskeleton of formal behaviors that define right living.

    This spiritual struggle is not a fight against our own physical bodies.  Sexual desire isn’t evil, nor are the desires for food, warmth or sleep.  Desires only become “the flesh” when they impel wrong behavior.  “The flesh” tempts us to do things that would violate a command of God, if we yielded to the impulse.  For example, a struggle against an angry impulse to hurt someone is a struggle against “the flesh,” even though bodies may have nothing to do with it.

    The part of us that opposes “the flesh” is our conscience.  Your conscience informs you when you’ve breached a norm of your Creator.  It’s the spiritual organ that corresponds to your physical nervous system.  Just as your nerves react when you’ve injured yourself and produce a sensation of pain, your conscience reacts when you’ve incurred spiritual damage by doing wrong.  The feeling your conscience produces is called remorse.  Most importantly, remorse is meant to help you survive spiritually. Like physical pain, it indicates when and where you have a problem.

    Neither your body nor your soul will function if you numb them with substance abuse or perpetual escapism.  Your conscience will sicken if you bathe it in evil influences.  Temporarily you may feel relief if moral limits disappear from your habitat.  But soon the murky haze of a featureless landscape disorients your conscience, which continues to lash out at evil without knowing where evil is anymore.

    So those who seek holiness immersed in toxic waste shudder daily from the shocks of brutality let loose in their midst.  No stops remain to signal small aggressions.  Suddenly grotesque violence explodes without warning.

    What happens to communities when moral boundaries disappear?

    For generations the West has employed a blast fishing approach to material progress at the expense of spiritual infrastructure. Blast fishing uses dynamite to stun fish so quantities can be netted quickly. As a result, the blasts destroy the nearby coral and eliminate its reef habitat.

    The ban against idolatry was exploded to make room for the supersize ego.  Holy sabbaths crumbled in the vanguard of economic expansion.  Refraining from adultery blew up when personal bonds got in the way of individual satisfaction.  Of the Ten great commandments, not one remains sacred.

    To clarify: not all of the destruction is accidental.  A campaign to erase all formal boundaries has explicitly targeted moral restrictions.  Big players blast away at ethical barriers in the name of their personal freedom.  For large egos, freedom requires the total elimination of any hindrance.  Nor do they permit anyone else to live free.  All in their path must yield.

    Coral polyps are fleshy creatures that form exoskeletons to survive.  They take in colorful algae to farm for nutrients.  Coral communities create vast structures called reefs.  The intricate spaces of the reef formations provide shelter to fish and invertebrates seeking refuge from predators.  Large predators cannot penetrate the narrow fissures of the reef structure.

    Similarly, human beings are vital souls whose efforts to repel evil and cultivate goodness produce the formal systems that support a thriving culture.  Comedy, tragedy, eroticism and remorse all require fixed boundaries to exist.

    What happens when you take the bait?

    The sales pitch has been a promise to eradicate pain.  It is as a form of pain that remorse was slated for elimination.  The lure of numbness generates enormous profits as drugs and distractions achieve insensibility for all.  Millions too zoned out to react to their own destruction float into the nets of unscrupulous profiteers.

    No boundary: ergo no transgression.  No transgression: ergo, no guilt.  And without guilt, there can be no remorse.

    In this wasteland devoid of impeding structures, Homo neuroticus thrashes about. Anything and everything in the cloudy murk triggers a spasmodic reaction, inflicting harm on those nearby. Neuroticus used to be a rare breed and was called “crazy” in the vernacular.  Psychologists of a previous age had observed an association between neuroticus and remorse. But they didn’t have many specimens to analyze. Freudians assumed that neuroticus must be the offspring of remorse, since the two were often seen together.

    Neuroticus is insensitive to humor, grief and contrition.  It must contort itself to get a sexual thrill.  It expends furious energy to control everything in its environment.  But it cannot control itself.  Neuroticus experiences its own impulses as irresistible.  Its large ego prevents it from admitting that it could do anything wrong.  With no cultural reef of formal boundaries to limit its movements, neuroticus produces specimens with larger and larger egos.  No joke can survive in the shadow of neuroticus.  No sorrow throbs.  Mercy moves not.  These have all fled.

    But remorse is not the parent of neuroticus.  Remorse is its guide through the deep.  When you have a sense of where the boundaries are, you can direct your actions purposefully.

    Bring the reef back.  We could all laugh again.  We could weep again.  Real thrills could move us.  We could live again.

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  • Bear Injuries Patiently

    Do not repay one bad turn with another 1 Thessalonians 5:15; 1 Peter 3:9.  Do not injure anyone, but bear injuries patiently.  (Rule of St. Benedict 4. 29-30)

    First of all, bearing injuries patiently is not a sign of weakness.  It’s a sign of goodness.  Only the strong bear up. Only the good restrain themselves when evil beckons, because evil is not their master.

    Secondly, this principle isn’t about defending yourself in the moment of attack.  You have the right to self-defense.  This is about the aftermath: now what? Why did God let a bad thing happen?

    Weak people fall apart and lash out at everyone around them as they disintegrate.  For a brief moment, they enjoy an experience of power: the power to destroy.  There’s something appealing about power, even when you know it’s fleeting, even when you know it’s hateful.  The Church calls this appeal the glamor of evil.  As Christians we reject it, along with Satan and all his works.

    On the other hand, strong people hold themselves together, hold on to what they know is good and hold out for what they know is right.  Sometimes they hang on by their fingernails.  As Christians this is the character we aspire to, and God knows it’s hard.  Sometimes the path leads straight up the face of a cliff.

    Why does God let bad things happen? You can be on the right path and still fall and get hurt.  Getting hurt doesn’t mean that God is against you.  It means that there’s an inherent risk to living at all.  You were thrust into existence without being consulted.  But now that you’re here, you’re free to venture your all for the good.  The promise of Christ is that ultimately your venture will pay off.  Death is not the end.

    People who have only this world to live for figure that nothing they do matters.  But the Christian message is that everything you do matters, even the tiny things.  For instance, even a small gesture of kindness counts in the sight of God.  He is always at work everywhere for good, and he invites you to participate in that work, wherever you are, whoever you are.

    But you are free to reject his offer.  You can rage against your Creator.  He allowed evil into this world, and now you can increase the sum of evil.

    However, know that if you choose for what is right and true and good, God is on your side, even if everything else in the universe is against you.  And he promises that the pain will last only as long as this life.  Moreover, you will emerge into peace for eternity.

    Meanwhile, there’s everything we have to face in this moment in time.  Sometimes we can’t understand why God does what he does.  Why does he hurt us?  Why make us stay in place in a corner with a cone around our necks?  We didn’t do anything wrong!  So heave a big sigh and wait: maybe something good will come along next.

    Don’t fret.  Don’t chew on your hurt and make it worse.  Instead, save your energy for the good you can do.  If the path before you is clear, and if you have the strength, get up every day and keep going.  Be patient.  Bear up.  There’s no quick fix to any killer problem, and you will encounter many problems along the way.

    Most importantly, when you’ve honestly done everything you can do, then stand firm and wait for God himself to act on your behalf. If you can’t stand up anymore, sit down.  If even sitting up is too much, lie still and be who you are where you are.  There’s a time to let people who love you take care of you. You’re not alone in this.  Fix sad eyes on your Maker.  Remain alert to his call.

    An injury can happen in an instant.  The healing takes a long, long time.  It saps all the strength you’ve got. Why does God let bad things happen?

    We don’t understand why yet. Healing is your job now.  We want you back.

     

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  • Beware Fatal Attraction

    Rage Definition

    We must then be on guard against any base desire, because death is stationed near the gateway of pleasure. (Rule of St. Benedict 7.24)

    Last week a man identified himself with death and stationed himself at the gateway of pleasure to deal it out.  

    This was not a Kenny Rogers kind of Gambler.  But was he one of us?

    Answer 1:

    We don’t see the appeal of murdering as many people as possible before killing ourselves.  If we were to kill ourselves, we’d just swallow a bottle of pills.

    Answer 2:

    Ending it all is not necessarily the goal.  You just want what you want, and you don’t care if it kills you.

    Answer 3:

    The lure dangling before your eyes is more playful.  You figure you can take the bait and leave someone else on the hook for it.

    Answer 4:

    None of the above.  You want to live a good life.  And you want to be happy.  Why does this have to be so hard?

    St. Benedict’s approach:

    St. Benedict warns us not against desire in general, but against base desire.  We keep all our other desires in check because our deepest desire is for life itself.  Only God can satisfy this desire.

    First mistake to avoid:

    The first mistake is to imagine that Christian faith requires a repression of desire itself.  

    Not so: Christian faith is all about the ultimate fulfillment of desire.

    Second mistake to avoid:

    The second mistake is to imagine that because desire itself is good, therefore all of our particular desires must also be good.  

    Not so: the practice of the faith involves learning to distinguish between right desires and base desires. We also develop self-control, so we can enjoy good impulses without giving in to bad ones.

    Third mistake to avoid:

    The third mistake is to imagine that because there are right desires and base desires, every impulse must have a moral rating.  

    Not so: many actions are in themselves neutral.  The rightness or baseness of a desire resonates within the forms of God.  Where God is silent, we may improvise as we please.  But where God reveals, we heed and harmonize.

    The theory isn’t that difficult.  It’s the practice that gets you, as you finger your way through the cacophony. All around are neurotic types who want to dominate, each according to his own devices. There are hedonist types who want to let everything go, especially themselves.  And there are neurotic hedonists: the peculiar creatures of our time.

    The neurotic hedonist rejects the forms of God in their entirety, by rejecting the very existence of God.  He sets himself up as a replacement for God.  This sort of narcissist glorifies the impulses of the self.  But the neurotic hedonist also regulates the worship of the self with a complex, compulsory structure.  Then when he really gets going, he tries to impose the worship of himself onto everyone else.

    The Enraged Man:

    A neurotic hedonist can develop into an enraged man.  For a lifetime he cultivates anger at everything that does not conform to his control.  For a lifetime he refuses to tune the one thing his creator asks him to adjust: himself.

    The Christian script calls for an entirely different way of living.  We worship God and attempt to follow his lead.  We subordinate our wills to his on principle and seek to harmonize our desires with his.  But within the parameters set by God, we enjoy complete freedom.  We’re under no compulsion to do anything in a fixed way.  We rid ourselves of anger, rage, malice, slander–how?  By giving thanks to the one from whom we receive every good thing.

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